Evaluation of the physicochemical properties of alkali-soluble polysaccharide from Poria and its application in diclofenac sodium sustained-release tablets / 药学学报

In this study, alkali-soluble polysaccharide was extracted from Poria residue, and the structure of alkali-soluble polysaccharide was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The physical morphology of alkali-soluble polysaccharide and ethyl cellulose (EC) was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the focus on angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, Carr index, interparticle porosity, cohesion index, Hausner ratio, etc. The physical fingerprints were drawn, and the powder properties were evaluated by multivariate analysis. Diclofenac sodium extended-release tablets were prepared by direct compression method using alkali-soluble polysaccharide and EC as insoluble backbone materials to evaluate the basic properties of the extended-release tablets, investigate the in vitro drug release behavior and study the release mechanism. The results showed that alkali-soluble polysaccharide is a semi-crystalline polymer with smooth lamellar structure, and its stacking and compressibility are stronger than EC. The in vitro release experiments showed that the slow release performance of alkali-soluble polysaccharide is stronger than EC, and the release behavior of the prepared slow release tablets is in accordance with the Higuchi model. The pore structure is formed inside the tablets during the release process, and the release mode is pore diffusion release. The results of this study are of great significance for the development of new slow-release materials and the rational use of resources.

Complete chloroplast genome sequencing and phylogeny of wild Atractylodes lancea from Yuexi, Anhui province / 中国中药杂志

This study investigated the choroplast genome sequence of wild Atractylodes lancea from Yuexi in Anhui province by high-throughput sequencing, followed by characterization of the genome structure, which laid a foundation for the species identification, analysis of genetic diversity, and resource conservation of A. lancea. To be specific, the total genomic DNA was extracted from the leaves of A. lancea with the improved CTAB method. The chloroplast genome of A. lancea was sequenced by the high-throughput sequencing technology, followed by assembling by metaSPAdes and annotation by CPGAVAS2. Bioiformatics methods were employed for the analysis of simple sequence repeats(SSRs), inverted repeat(IR) border, codon bias, and phylogeny. The results showed that the whole chloroplast genome of A. lancea was 153 178 bp, with an 84 226 bp large single copy(LSC) and a 18 658 bp small single copy(SSC) separated by a pair of IRs(25 147 bp). The genome had the GC content of 37.7% and 124 genes: 87 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 29 tRNA genes. It had 26 287 codons and encoded 20 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Atractylodes species clustered into one clade and that A. lancea had close genetic relationship with A. koreana. This study established a method for sequencing the chloroplast genome of A. lancea and enriched the genetic resources of Compositae. The findings are expected to lay a foundation for species identification, analysis of genetic diversity, and resource conservation of A. lancea.

Comparing the effects of fast and slow expansion on nasal cavity and maxilla structure / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#This study aims to compare the effects of fast and slow expansion on nasal cavity structure.@*METHODS@#A total of 40 patients were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Cone-beam computer tomography (CBCT) was obtained before and after surgery and used for comparing the changes in nasal structure before and after treatment.@*RESULTS@#Fast expansion had resulted in greater changes in the basilar and nasal bone arch extension structures than slow expansion. No significant difference at maxillary width and nasal parenchyma.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Rapid expansion therapy has more beneficial effects on nasal function.

Expression of MiR-155 in Tissue of Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and Its Effect on Cell Biological Characteristics / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expression of miR-155 in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and to explore the effect of transfection of miR-155 inhibitor on the biological characteristics of DLBCL cells.@*METHODS@#A total of 76 patients with DLBCL treated in our hospital were selected from April 2013 to December 2017. In the same time, 40 cases of lymph node reactive hyperplasia (LNRH) were selected as control group. DB cells were cultured and divided into miR-155 inhibitor, negative control and blank groups. The expressions of miR-155 in DLBCL, negative and blank control groups were detected by using real-time PCR, the cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay, the apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and the cell migration and invasion were detected by Transwell assay.@*RESULTS@#The relative expression level of miR-155 in tissues of DLBCL patients was significantly higher than that in tissne of controls (1.93±0.16 vs 1.01±0.09) (t=33.991, P=0.000). The expression level of miR-155 increased (P＜0.05) in DLBCL patients with LDH level abnormarity, BCL-2, MUM1, Ki-67≥50%, non-GC type, Ann Arbor stage III-IV, extranodal lesion number≥2 and IPI score 3-5. The relative expression level of miR-155 in the miR-155 inhibitor group was lower than that in the negative control group and the blank group (P＜0.05). The absorbance (A) values at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of culture in the miR-155 inhibitor group were lower than those in the negative control group and the blank group (P＜0.05), while the apoptotic rate was higher than that in the negative control group and the blank group (P＜0.05). Both the migrating cells and invading cell number in the miR-155 inhibitor group were lower than those in the negative control group and the blank group (P＜0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The miR-155 highly expresses in DLBCL tissue, which relates with tumor malignancy and invasion progression. The specific inhibition of miR-155 expression in DB cells can reduce cell proliferation, accelerate cell apoptosis, and inhibit cell migration and invasion.

Clinicopathologic study of adenosarcoma with sarcomatous overgrowth of the uterine / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristtics, immunophenotype and differential diagnosis of uterine adenosarcoma with sarcomatous overgrowth. Metheds The clinicopathological data of 4 cases of uterine adenosarcoma with sarcomatous overgrowth were collected, the histopathologic and immunohistochemical features were investigated, and the rele-vant literatures were also reviewed. Results All of tumors were arised from the endometrium with complains of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding or prolonged menstrual period. There is a poly-poid nodular in the uterine cavity with a pedicle or no pedicel, or rough endometrium. On the cut surface, the tumor was fish-like without distinct from the surrounding tissue. Light microsco-py show the tumors were composed of benign glands and malignant mesenchymal components, the sarcomatouscomponents ac-counted for over 25％. In 4 cases, 2 cases had heterologous com-ponent of rhabdomyosarcoma. The component of sarcomatous were positive for vimentin and CD10. The heterologous component of rhabdomyosarcoma were positive for desmin, MyoDl, and Myogenin.3 cases were died at in 5, 10, and 19 months after operation, 1 patient was disease free survival for 3 months. Conclusion Uterine adenosarcoma with sarcomatous overgrowth has a bad prognosis.

Mechanism of bradykinin on inflammations of retinal pigment epithelium cells / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Abstract?AIM: To investigate mechanism of bradykinin ( BK) on inflammations of retinal pigment epithelium ( RPE) cells.?METHODS: ARPE -19 cells were cultured in vitro, stimulated by 100nM BK for 24h. Cell morphology changes were observed by microscope, and BK receptor localization was detected through cell immunofluorescence. Changes of Ca2+in BK and BR antagonist stimuli were detected by laser scanning confocal microscopy.The expressions of COX-1, COX-2, eNOS and iNOS protein in control group and BK group were detected by Western Blot.?RESULTS: After the stimulation of BK, there was no significant changes of ARPE-19 cells in morphology.Kinin B1 receptors ( B1R ) and B2 receptors ( B2R ) could be detected in ARPE-19 cells.Compared with control group, Ca2+concentrations significantly increased in BK group; in B1R antagonist group and B2R antagonist group Ca2+concentrations increased less than BK group; B1R and B2R antagonist group showed no obvious changes in Ca2+concentrations.Compared with control group, COX-2 and iNOS protein concentrations were significantly increased in BK group (P<0.001).?CONCLUSION:BK induces the increasing expression of COX-2 and iNOS in the cultured ARPE cells through binding with either B1R or B2R.

Current progress in postmenopausal women with dry eye / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Dry eye is one of the most frequently ocular surface diseases. Recent researches found that many reasons caused decrease of ocular surface damage and the quality of tears , such as the change of ocular surface, immuno-inflammatory responses, apoptosis and the reduction of sex hormone. It is reported that the decline of ovarian function and hormone level in postmenopausal women which leads to abnormal structure and function of tear film is more likely to develop dry eye. In this paper, the ocular surface, pathogenesis and progresses of treatment on postmenopausal women with dry eye are reviewed.

Drug resistance of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus strains in burn ward and relative analysis / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the distribution and drug resistance of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus strains in various specimens of inpatients in burn wards, and to provide reference for clinical treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Bacteria were isolated from specimens of wound exudate, blood, sputum, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid etc., which were collected from patients hospitalized in our burn wards from January 2008 to December 2010. The bacteria were routinely cultured and identified. Drug resistance of the Staphylococci to 15 antibiotics commonly used in clinic was identified by K-B disk diffusion method. Data were processed with statistical software WHONET 5.5. The homology of 40 strains of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Altogether 386 strains of Staphylococcus were isolated, including 196 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 190 strains of coagulase negative Staphylococcus. The mean annual isolation rates of MRSA and methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus (MRCoNS) were respectively 73.00% (143/196) and 74.20% (141/190). The resistance rates of MRSA and MRCoNS to β-lactams drugs, such as penicillin, oxacillin, cefazolin, and cefuroxime were 100.00% in every year. No Staphylococcus strains resistant to vancomycin, teicoplanin, or linezolid were found. Three different PFGE patterns A, B, and C were identified among 40 MRSA strains, including 33 strains of type A (30 strains in sub-type A1 and 3 strains in sub-type A2), 6 strains of type B (respectively 3 strains in sub-types B1 and B2), and 1 strain of type C.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The isolation rates of MRSA and MRCoNS were high in our burn wards from January 2008 to December 2010. All of them showed strong drug resistance property, and they were multidrug resistant. The most prevalent strain was PFGE type A.</p>

Analysis on interrelation between electroacupuncture-induced cumulative analgesic effect and hypothalamic cholinergic activities in chronic neuropathic pain rats / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of repeated electroacupuncture (EA) of Zusanli (ST36)- Yanglingquan (GB34) on hypothalamic acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and vesicular acetylcholine (ACh) transporter (VAChT) activities and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) mRNA and muscarinic M1 receptor (M1R) mRNA expression in chronic constrictive injury (CCI) and/or ovariectomy (OVX) rats so as to reveal its underlying mechanism in cumulative analgesia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 103 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control (n =15), CCI (n =15), CCI+EA2d (n =15), CCI+EA2W (n =15), OVX+CCI =13), OVX+CCI+EA2d (n =15), and OVX+CCI+EA2W groups (n =15). CCI model was established by ligature of the unilateral sciatic nerve with surgical suture. Memory impairment model was established by removal of the bilateral ovaries. Morris water test was conducted to evaluate the OVX rats' memory learning ability, and the thermal pain threshold (PT) of the bilateral paws was detected the next morning after EA. EA (2/15 Hz, 1 mA) was applied to bilateral ST36-GB34 for 30 min, once daily for 2 days or 2 weeks, respectively. Hypothalamic AChE activity was detected by histochemistry, VAChT immunoactivity was determined by immunohistochemistry, and ChAT mRNA and M1R mRNA expressions were assayed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In comparison with the normal control group, the AChE activity in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) and supraoptic nucleus (SON) regions of CCI group, AChE activity in paraventricular nucleus (PVN), ARC, and SON regions of OVX+CCI group, and hypothalamic muscarinic M1R mRNA expression levels in both CCI and OVX+CCI groups were down-regulated significantly (P <0.05). Compared with the CCI group, the AChE activities in hypothalamic ARC and SON regions of CCI+EA2d and CCI+EA2W groups and PVN region of CCI+EA2W group and hypothalamic ChAT mRNA and M1R mRNA expression levels in CCI+EA2W group were up-regulated considerably (P <0.05). In comparison with the OVX+CCI group, the AChE activities in PVN, ARC, and SON regions and the expressions of hypothalamic ChAT mRNA and VAChT in ARC region of OVX+CCI+EA2W group were up-regulated remarkably (P <0.05). The effects in rats of CCI+EA2W group were evidently superior to those of OVX+CCI+EA2d group in up-regulating AChE activities in PVN, ARC, and SON regions, VAChT immunoactivity in ARC region, and expression levels of hypothalamic ChAT mRNA and M1R mRNA (P <0.05). Similar situations were found in OVX+CCI rats after EA2W. It suggested a cumulative effect after repeated EA of ST36-GB34. Comparison between CCI+EA2W and OVX+CCI+EA2W groups showed that the effects in rats of the former group were evidently better than those of the latter group in up-regulating AChE activity in ARC and SON regions and the expressions of hypothalamic ChAT mRNA and M1 mRNA (P <0.05), suggesting a reduction of EA2W effects after OVX.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Repeated EA can significantly up-regulate AChE and VAChT activities and ChAT mRNA and M1R mRNA expressions in the hypothalamus of CCI and OVX+CCI rats, which may contribute to the cumulative analgesic effects of repeated EA and be closely related to the animals' neuromemory ability.</p>

Effects of repeated electroacupuncture on beta-endorphin and adrencorticotropic hormone levels in the hypothalamus and pituitary in rats with chronic pain and ovariectomy / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA)-induced cumulative analgesic effects on chronic pain in rats with or without ovariectomy (OVX).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 110 female Wistar rats were randomized into normal control (n=10), chronic constrictive injury (CCI, n=10), CCI+EA (n=30), OVX+CCI (n=30), and OVX+CCI+EA (n=30) groups. Each of the latter 3 groups was further divided into 2 days (2 d), 2 weeks (2 W) and 3 weeks (3 W) subgroups, respectively (n=10 in each subgroup). The CCI pain model was established by ligature of the right sciatic nerve, and the memory impairment model duplicated by OVX. The paw withdrawal latency (PWL, pain threshold) of the bilateral footplates was detected by radiant heat irradiation, and the bilateral difference in PWL (PWLD) was used to evaluate changes in the pain reaction. Morris water maze test was conducted for evaluating the rats' learning-memory ability. EA was applied to bilateral Zusanli (ST36) and Yanglingquan (GB34) for 2 d, 2 W and 3 W, respectively. Pituitary and hypothalamic beta-endorphin (EP) and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) contents were detected by immunoradioassay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the CCI group, PWLD of the CCI+EA-3 W group decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the OVX+CCI group, PWLD of the OVX+CCI+EA-3 W group was lowered considerably (P<0.05), but the value was markedly higher than its basal value and those of the normal control and CCI+EA groups (P<0.05). In comparison with the sham-OVX group, the escape latency, swimming distance (SD) in the target quadrant and total SD were increased remarkably in the OVX group (P<0.05), while the number of target platform crossings was decreased significantly (P<0.05), suggesting an impairment of the OVX rats' learning-memory ability. In simple CCI rats, both beta-EP and ACTH contents of the pituitary increased markedly (P<0.05), and those of the hypothalamus decreased obviously compared to the normal control group (P<0.05). After EA, pituitary and hypothalamic ACTH levels were significantly lowered at 2 d and hypothalamic ACTH and beta-EP contents increased obviously at 3 W in comparison with the CCI group (P<0.05). In OVX+CCI rats, following EA, pituitary beta-EP contents at 2 d, 2 W and 3 W, and hypothalamic beta-EP and ACTH contents at 2 W and hypothalamic ACTH levels at 3 W increased significantly (P<0.05), but hypothalamic beta-EP level at 3W decreased markedly (P<0.05). The effects of repeated EA in lowering pituitary ACTH and raising hypothalamic beta-EP and ACTH levels disappeared after OVX+CCI.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Repeated EA has a cumulative analgesic effect, which is closely associated with its effects in regulating pituitary and hypothalamic beta-EP and ACTH levels. OVX may weaken the analgesic effect of EA by affecting hypothalamic-pituitary axis activity.</p>

Thinking about academic development of acupuncture and moxibustion in recent ten years / 中国针灸

Through combing the academic development of acupuncture in recent ten years, objectively reflects the real development status of acupuncture subject on these aspects sucl as basis, clinic, equipment, teaching and standardization, etc., shows the scientific and technological achievements and the highlights of the acupuncture academic development, analyzes the bottleneck and dilemma of the acupuncture academic development. It is indicated that there are several problems existed in acupuncture researche at present, such as the scale and the input of the acupuncture theory research are not enough, the basic research and clinical application is disjointed, the correlation between the acupoints and viscera need more systematic and further researches, the design level of clinical research on acupoints' main indications should be improved. From now on we should follow the inherent rule of the traditional theory of Chinese medicine and the way of integrated thinking, explore the new rule of acupuncture academic development, in order to fit the new historical period, and comprehensively promote the sustainable and coordinated development of acupuncture science.

Effects of electroacupuncture at different acupoints on electrohystorogram in pregnant rats / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) of different acupoints on abnormal electrohysterogram (EHG) in pregnant rats, so as to analyze their regularities in regulating dysfunction of the viscera.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 48 Wistar pregnant rats (18-20 days) anesthetized with mixture solution of 1.5% chloralose and 25% urethane (i. p) were randomized into control (n=10), "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6, n=9), "Hegu" (LI 4, n=8), "Neiguan" (PC 6, n=0), and "SP 6 + LI 4" (n=11) groups. EHG was recorded by using a bipolar stainless steel electrode inserted in the sub-perimetrium layer of the left mid part of the uterus. The reference electrode was placed beneath the skin of the incision. Oxytocin and gesterol were given to the local uterus nearby the recording electrode to induce abnormal excitement and suppression of EHG respectively. EA (1-2 mA, 2/15 Hz) was applied to the above-mentioned acupoints separately for 20 min in the EA groups and the influences of EA on the amplitude and frequency of burst (fast) waves and slow waves of EHG were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, EA of SP 6 + LI 4 and SP 6 groups had apparent inhibitory effects on oxytocin-induced increases of the frequency and amplitude of both fast and slow waves (P<0.05); and EA of LI 4 also had a markedly inhibitory effect on the amplitude of fast waves (P<0.05). No marked effects on both frequency and amplitude of fast waves and slow waves of EHG were found in the PC 6 group (P>0.05). In comparison with the control group, EA of SP 6+LI 4 and SP 6 could relieve or significantly relieve progesterone-induced suppression of the frequency and amplitude of both fast and slow waves (P<0.05); and the effects of SP 6 + LI 4 appeared earlier and lasted longer than those of SP 6; while EA of LI 4 and PC 6 had no obvious effect on progesterone-induced changes of the frequency and amplitude of both fast and slow waves (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EA different acupoints have their own relative specificity in regulating abnormal EHG.</p>

Apoptosis of HL-60 cells induced by artesunate in vitro / 中国实验血液学杂志

The study was aimed to investigate the effect of artesunate (ART) on the apoptosis of HL-60 cells in vitro and the expression of Bcl-2 and ICAD in the process of apoptosis induced by ART. The inhibition of ART on HL-60 cells were evaluated by means of MTT assay; cell apoptosis was detected by light microscopy, agarose gel electro-phoresis, flow cytometry; Western blot was used to analyze the expression of Bcl-2 and ICAD in cells during apoptosis induced by ART. The results showed that ART could significantly inhibit the proliferation of HL-60 cells in time-and dose-dependent manner. After treating HL-60 cells with ART for 48 hours, the IC(50) values was 18.33 microg/ml and its inhibition effect contributed to the induced apoptosis. Bcl-2 and ICAD proteins both all expressed in HL-60 cells, the level of expression declined as concentration increased. It is concluded that artesunate may induce apoptosis of HL-60 cells in vitro, Bcl-2 and ICAD may be an important control factor in the signal transduction pathway of ART-induced apoptosis.

Acupuncture-serum decreases Ca2+ content in cultured rat myocardial cells / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore whether humoral factors play a role in the mechanisms of acupuncture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Primary culture of myocardial cells of neonatal rats were carried out. Five days later, they were labeled by fluorescent molecular probe Fluo-3AM. Changes of Ca2+ contents in the cultured myocardial cells after addition of the normal rat serum or acupuncture-serum of the rat who received acupuncture at "Neiguan" (PC 6) and Jianshi (PC 5), were dynamically observed by a confocal laser scanning microscopy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After addition of normal serum of the rat, the intracellular Ca2+ level increased to a certain degree, and then gradually tended to stability, which was significantly decreased by addition of the acupuncture-serum (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The serum of the rat who received acupuncture at acupoints can decrease the Ca2+ level in cultured myocardial cells, which provides a direct evidence for serum factors involving in acupuncture mechanism.</p>

The Dose-Effect Relationship Between Water Fluoride Levels and Hepatic Damage in Children / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To explore the dose-effect relationship between water fluoride levels and hepatic damage in children and observe the difference in hepatic function between high-loaded fluoride people and dental fluorosis people in the same water fluoride level region. Methods 210 children were selected and divided into seven groups according to drinking water fluoride concentrations and whether they suffered from dental fluorosis. Urine and serum fluoride content total protein TP and albumin ALB content and activities of ALT AST and LDH in serum were determined. Results Both of urine and serum fluoride of high fluoride people and dental fluorosis people were higher than those of the control moreover fluoride contents in urine and serum increased gradually with the increase of fluoride level in drinking water. No significant differences were seen in serum TP ALB ALT and AST levels among groups. Serum LDH activities significantly increased in dental fluorosis people from area of 2.58 mg/L fluoride in drinking water and in two groups from area of 4.51 mg/L fluoride. Moreover there was an obvious dose-effect relationship between the drinking water fluoride concentration and LDH activity. Conclusion If the concentration of fluoride in drinking water exceed 2.0 mg/L it will cause hepatic damage in children with an remarkable dose-effect relationship. The degree of hepatic damage is related to not only water fluoride level but also the condition with or without dental fluorosis.